Patella Femoral Pain Syndrome

A common cause of pain around or behind the kneecap, often made worse by stairs, squatting, running, or prolonged sitting. It is usually related to muscle imbalance, overuse, or altered lower-limb mechanics. General treatment focuses on reducing pain and correcting contributing factors through activity modification, targeted strengthening (especially hips and thighs), stretching, footwear advice, and orthotics if needed. Most people improve with conservative management and a structured rehabilitation plan.

 

Osgood Schlatter Disease

A common cause of knee pain in growing children and adolescents, caused by repetitive strain at the tibial tuberosity where the patellar tendon attaches. Pain is often worse with running, jumping, and sports. General treatment includes activity modification, relative rest, ice for pain relief, stretching and strengthening exercises, and reassurance. Symptoms usually settle as growth completes, with surgery rarely required.

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Ligament Injury

Knee ligament injuries involve damage to one or more stabilising ligaments (such as the ACL, MCL, LCL, or PCL), often caused by twisting, impact, or sudden changes in direction. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, instability, or giving way. General treatment depends on severity and ligament involved, but usually includes rest, bracing, physiotherapy-based rehabilitation, and gradual return to activity. More severe or unstable injuries may require specialist assessment and, in some cases, surgery.